How can users allow public access to data in ArcGIS Online?

Allowing public access to data in ArcGIS Online is achieved by configuring item settings to specifically permit access for all users. When the appropriate settings for an item, such as a map, layer, or application, are adjusted to allow public access, it means that anyone, regardless of whether they have an ArcGIS account or not, can view that item.

This is essential for organizations that wish to share their geographic information widely without requiring users to log in or authenticate their identity. The setting typically involves changing the item's sharing options so that it is not just accessible to the owner or specific groups, but openly available to the public.

In contrast, setting item settings to private restricts access solely to the owner and specified members or groups, and thus does not facilitate public sharing. Sending direct links to users does not guarantee public access, as users still need appropriate permissions to view the content. Lastly, using API authentication, while important for secure and authorized access through applications, does not inherently open data to the public as it relies on authenticated access.